STEPHANIE WALSH: I'm Dr.
Stephanie Walsh.
I'm
a board-certified pediatrician
and obesity medicine specialist.
Today, we're going to talk
about how our bodies turn food
into fat and learn about how fat
impacts our overall health.
When we eat, glucose enters
the bloodstream.
Glucose molecules are then sent
to the liver, where they are
converted to glycogen. When
the glycogen stores are full,
the liver converts glucose
to triglycerides.
Triglycerides are then sent
to fat cells or adipocytes.
Every adipocyte contains
about nine kilocalories
of energy, which makes it one
of the most efficient ways
to store energy.
As our liver continues to make
triglycerides, that continues
to be sent to the adipocytes.
When the adipocytes become full,
they then create new adipocytes
or new fat cells.
The concern isn't the storage
of fat, as much as it is,
if we're overwhelming
the system.
If the system gets overwhelmed,
that's when fat storage, which
is a normal and important part
of life,
can actually go from adaptive
to a driver of chronic disease.
As we look at these two MRIs,
we're really looking
at the impact and the storage
of fat.
You can see here that this fat
is stored below the skin
versus this fat that's in here
is actually stored
around our organs.
This is the fat that is the
most worrisome,
because it's
very pro-inflammatory
and could be a key driver
to the development
of chronic disease.
Where fat is deposited
is dependent upon our sex
hormones, estrogen
and testosterone.
For women, fat is often
deposited subcutaneously
or under the skin and is often
around the hips, thighs,
and buttocks.
For men, fat is deposited more
often in the abdomen,
in and around organs,
and called visceral fat.
This is not just
about appearances.
There are different hormones
released if your fat
is deposited
subcutaneously or viscerally.
Adipose tissue doesn't just sit
there; it talks to our brain.
One of the main messengers
for adipose tissue
is a substance called leptin.
Leptin tells your brain
that you're full.
Another substance released
from the stomach is ghrelin.
Ghrelin tells your brain
that you're hungry.
Recently, another hormone,
GLP-1, glucagon-like peptide,
has been in the media,
and it has a couple
of important jobs as well.
It tells your stomach to slow
down emptying so that you
feel full.
It also talks to your brain
and regulates blood sugar.
These hormones,
along with others,
form a complex automatic system
that regulate hunger
and fullness and happens well
below our level of awareness.
Earlier, I mentioned
visceral and subcutaneous fat.
Subcutaneous fat
is underneath the skin.
And usually, again, as we
mentioned, found in women
and on the hips, thighs
and buttocks.
On this one, you can see a lot
of visceral fat.
These darker areas are fat that
has already been encased
around some of the organs.
This fat is more metabolically
active and not in a good way,
in a way that increases
inflammatory markers
and increases the risk for heart
disease and type 2 diabetes.
Understanding how fat works,
where it sits in our bodies,
the hormones it releases,
and how it talks to our brain
is important for us
to understand the role
that fat plays
in our overall health.
If you have any questions
after watching this video,
if you want to learn more
about fat or hormones, please
reach out to your doctor.
Can You Lose Weight Fast?
You want to drop pounds, now. And you want to do it safely. But how?
Many experts say it’s best to lose weight gradually. It’s more likely to stay off. If you shed pounds too fast, you’ll lose muscle, bone, and water instead of fat, says the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics.
The academy’s advice: Aim to lose 1-2 pounds per week, and avoid fad diets or products that make promises that sound too good to be true. It’s best to base your weight loss on changes you can stick with over time.
For faster results, you’ll need to work with a doctor to make sure that you stay healthy and get the nutrients that you need.
Make a Weight Loss Plan
You’ve probably heard the saying, “calories in, calories out” -- as in, you just need to burn more calories than you eat and drink.
But it’s not that simple, as many people can tell you from their own experience.
Nutrition and exercise are both important when trying to lose weight. Eating fewer calories has a bigger immediate impact, but staying active will help you keep the pounds off. And, of course, exercise has major benefits for your body and mind whether you’re trying to lose weight or not.
Your metabolism -- how well your body turns calories into fuel -- matters, too. If you cut too many calories, you not only skimp on nutrients, you slow down your metabolism, making weight loss even harder in the long run.
There are many ways you can safely start losing weight without cutting calories too much. You could:
- Cut back on portions.
- Figure out how many calories you get in a usual day, and trim back a bit.
- Read food labels to know how many calories are in each serving.
- Drink more water, so you’re not so hungry.
Whatever method you use, you’ll need to favor good-for-you foods like vegetables, fruits, whole grains, and lean protein. But there's no one-size-fits all plan for healthy eating. Working with a dietitian is a good idea so you make a plan that covers your specific needs. And when you make a healthy weight loss plan, it's important to stick with it. To get healthy and stay that way, the trend has to continue -- not just for a week or a month, but for the long term.
That means you need one key thing: motivation. What are your reasons for wanting to lose weight and for sticking to the plan? Research shows that people are most likely to keep up weight loss when they have their own reasons and aren't just following a health provider's advice.
So think about your reasons. Are you at high risk for heart disease or diabetes and determined to avoid it? Do you want to feel better in your clothes? Play more easily with your grandkids? Whatever it is, write it down and post a reminder where you'll see it every day.
Studies also show you're more likely to stay motivated if you set goals along the way and reward yourself for reaching them.
Weight Loss Support
Many apps can help you track your eating. Since you probably have your smartphone with you all the time, you can use it to keep up with your plan. Or keep a pen-and-paper food journal of what you ate and when.
You’ll also want to have people on your side to help you stay motivated and to cheer you on. So ask your family and friends to support your efforts to lose weight.
You might also want to join a weight loss group where you can talk about how it’s going with people who can relate. Or talk with someone you know who’s lost weight in a healthy way. Their encouragement is contagious, in a good way.
Eating Habits for Weight Loss
At the most basic level, food is fuel. It gives you energy to do things. But very few people eat just for that reason. Food is at every social gathering. And it’s where a lot of us turn when we have a rough day.
You’ll need to know what makes you want to eat when you’re not hungry and have a plan for those moments. You'll also want to develop some of the other habits proven to help weight loss.
Find out what drives you to eat
What are your triggers? Do stress, anger, anxiety, or depression make you want to eat? Or is food your main reward when something good happens?
Try to notice when those feelings come up, and have a plan ready to do something other than eating. Could you take a walk? Text a friend?
Reward yourself for making better choices
Get yourself a bouquet of flowers or indulge in a weeknight movie. Just don’t use food as the reward.
Eat more often
This might seem backwards, but if you eat 5-6 times a day, it could keep hunger at bay. You could split your calories equally across all of those mini-meals, or make some bigger than others. You will need to plan portions so that you don’t end up eating more than you bargained for.
Eat more mindfully
Savor your food. Notice how it smells and tastes and feels in your mouth. Notice when you start to feel full. Just being aware of your food in this way may help you lose weight -- and make eating more pleasurable to boot.
Limit portion sizes
If you eat a lot of restaurant meals or are used to heaping plates of food at home, you might be surprised to learn what's considered a portion size by dietitians. For example, a portion of protein, like a hamburger patty or chicken breast, should be the size of a deck of cards. A serving of cooked pasta is half a cup. Sticking to modest portions like these can help you lose weight.
Use smaller plates
One way to make small portions look bigger is to serve them on smaller plates. Some, but not all, studies suggest this is a helpful weight loss strategy.
Eat more slowly
Research shows slow eaters consume fewer calories and are less likely than fast eaters to have obesity.
Avoid eating late at night
People who regularly eat late at night are more prone to obesity. Some research suggests that eating at night can slow calorie burn, increase fat storage, and make you feel hungrier all day.
Take setbacks in stride
Weight loss setbacks are normal and expected. Even people steadily losing weight often hit a plateau after a few months, and just about everyone falls off their eating or exercise plans from time to time. If that happens, try to take a small step back toward your goals. Call on your support network for encouragement. And try not to get bogged down in negative thoughts.
Diet for Fast Weight Loss
You don’t have to go vegan, gluten-free, or quit any particular food group to lose weight. In fact, you’re more likely to keep the pounds off for good if it’s something you can live with for the long term. Despite the desire for fast weight loss, fad diets and plans that promise quick results aren't the answer. You are unlikely to stick with them and they may rob you of needed nutrients.
But it does make sense to cut way down on, or totally cut out, empty calories.
Foods to limit for weight loss:
Foods with added sugars. These are the sugars in cookies, cakes, sugar-sweetened drinks, and other items -- not the sugars that are naturally in fruits, for instance. Sugary foods often have a lot of calories but few nutrients. Aim to spend less than 10% of your daily calories on added sugars.
Carbs with less nutritional value. You don't have to eliminate carbs, but you can be picky about your choices. For example, whole grains are better choices than highly processed items because processing removes key nutrients such as fiber, iron, and B vitamins -- though some may be added back, such as in “enriched” bread. Also, look for choices that are low on the glycemic index, meaning they are digested more slowly and are less likely to raise your blood sugar. Low-glycemic foods include green vegetables and most fruits; high glycemic foods include potatoes and white rice.
High-calorie drinks. One easy way to lose weight quickly is to cut out liquid calories, such as soda, juice, and alcohol. Replace them with zero-calorie drinks like lemon water, unsweetened tea, or black coffee.
Diet drinks will save you calories compared with sugary beverages. But if you then reach for a cookie or other treat because you’re still hungry or you think you saved enough calories for it, that plan backfires.
What to eat for weight loss:
Protein. It’s satisfying and will help keep up your muscles. There are vegetarian and vegan sources (nuts, beans, and soy are a few), as well as lean meat, poultry, fish, and dairy.
Most Americans get enough protein but could get it from leaner sources. You may already have plenty in your diet. Your exact protein needs depend on your age, gender, and how active you are.
Good fats. Small amounts of fat can help you feel full and less like you’re on a diet. The better choices are those in fish, nuts and seeds, and olive oil. Those have unsaturated fats -- polyunsaturated or monounsaturated fats, specifically.
Fiber. You can get that from vegetables, whole grains, fruits -- any plant food will have fiber. Some have more than others. Top sources include artichokes, green peas, broccoli, lentils, and lima beans. Among fruits, raspberries lead the list.
Meal replacements. These shakes, bars, and other products will control your calories while you use them, if you don't make up the calories elsewhere. They’re convenient and take the guesswork out of dieting. Still, you’ll need to change your eating habits to keep the weight off once you stop eating meal replacements.
Fasting for Weight Loss
You might think that fasting is a quick way to drop pounds. But all fasts aren’t the same. If you eat or drink nothing for days at a time, that's a fast. Such prolonged fasts can be dangerous and do nothing to adjust regular eating habits. They aren't a good weight loss strategy.
But many people these days are talking about something else -- intermittent fasting. That's when you choose times of day or days of the week to eat nothing or eat much less than usual. In some versions, you just stop eating at night; in others, you eat only during a 6- or 8-hour period each day. Some plans call for eating normally on most days but having just one small meal a couple of days a week.
Some small, short-term studies suggest intermittent fasting can help with weight loss. But there hasn’t been a lot of research on how off-and-on fasting affects weight or health in the long term.
Regular fasting, of any sort, isn't safe for people with diabetes or eating disorders or those who are pregnant or breastfeeding. Even if you aren't in those groups, you may find fasting isn't for you because you get headaches, feel cranky, are low on energy, or get constipated.
If you decide to fast, drink lots of water and take a daily multivitamin. Talk to your doctor, especially if you take medications that may need adjusting.
Takeaways
No matter how you kick-start your weight loss, the best way to keep it off is with long-lasting lifestyle changes like a healthy eating plan and physical activity. If you’re not sure where to start, how many calories to cut, or how to do it safely, you might want to consult a registered dietitian.
How to Lose Weight Fast FAQs
How does sleep affect weight loss?
Getting too little sleep can have a big effect on your weight. Research shows poor sleep can lead you to snack more on foods high in fat and carbohydrates and to eat more calories overall. If you sleep too little or have poor-quality sleep, you may find weight loss a bigger struggle.
How can I drop 20 pounds fast?
If your idea of fast weight loss is dropping 20 pounds in a week or 20 pounds in a month, you should know that experts say losing 1 to 2 pounds a week is a more realistic and sustainable goal. It may take 10 to 20 weeks to drop 20 pounds safely with proven strategies like cutting portion sizes, drinking more water, getting more active, and learning to manage unhealthy eating triggers.
What's the fastest way to lose drastic weight?
Doctors consider losing anything more than 2 pounds a week to be rapid weight loss. In some cases, such as when someone with obesity is preparing for weight loss surgery, a doctor may supervise a very low calorie diet. On such a diet, you might eat as little as 800 calories a day, from meal replacement shakes, bars, or other products, and lose 3 to 5 pounds a week. Most experts don't recommend this diet for more than 12 weeks -- and never without medical supervision.
Many consumers looking for the quickest way to lose weight will turn to fad diets promising faster results. It's true that you might be able to lose 10 pounds or more in one week, by drastically cutting calories -- but you'll lose water and muscle, not fat, and eat so few calories that your body will respond with a surge of hunger. You'll also likely feel weak and tired. You are unlikely to stick with that plan or keep the weight off.
