Kushi LH, Folsom AR, Prineas RJ, et al. Dietary antioxidant vitamins and death from coronary heart disease in postmenopausal women. N Engl J Med 1996;334:1156-62.
Age-Related Eye Disease Study Research Group. A randomized, placebo-controlled, clinical trial of high-dose supplementation with vitamins C and E, beta carotene, and zinc for age-related macular degeneration and vision loss. AREDS report no. 8. Arch Ophthalmol 2001;119:1417-36.
Age-Related Eye Disease Study Research Group. A randomized, placebo-controlled, clinical trial of high-dose supplementation with vitamins C and E and beta carotene for age-related cataract and vision loss: AREDS report no. 9. Arch Ophthalmol 2001;119:1439-52.
Age-Related Eye Disease Study Research Group. Potential public health impact of age-related eye disease study results: AREDS report no. 11. Arch Ophthalmol 2003;121:1621-4.
Bjelakovic G, Nikolova D, Gluud LL, et al. Mortality in randomized trials of antioxidant supplements for primary and secondary prevention: systematic review and meta-analysis. JAMA 2007;297:842-57.
Lippmann SM, Klein EA, Goodman PJ, et al. Effect of selenium and vitamin E on risk of prostate cancer and other cancers: the selenium and vitamin E cancer prevention trial (SELECT). JAMA 2009;301:39-51.
Gaziano JM, Glynn RJ, Christen WG, et al. Vitamins E and C in the prevention of prostate total cancer in men: the physicians' health study II randomised controlled trial. JAMA 2009;301:52-62.
Klein EA, Thompson IM Jr, Tangen CM, et al. Vitamin E and the risk of prostate cancer: the Selenium and Vitamin E Cancer Prevention Trial (SELECT). JAMA 2011;306:1549-56.
Bardia, A., Tleyjeh, I. M., Cerhan, J. R., Sood, A. K., Limburg, P. J., Erwin, P. J., and Montori, V. M. Efficacy of antioxidant supplementation in reducing primary cancer incidence and mortality: systematic review and meta-analysis. Mayo Clin.Proc. 2008;83(1):23-34.
Allen, S., Britton, J. R., and Leonardi-Bee, J. A. Association between antioxidant vitamins and asthma outcome measures: systematic review and meta-analysis. Thorax 2009;64(7):610-619.
Jiang, L., Yang, K. H., Tian, J. H., Guan, Q. L., Yao, N., Cao, N., Mi, D. H., Wu, J., Ma, B., and Yang, S. H. Efficacy of antioxidant vitamins and selenium supplement in prostate cancer prevention: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Nutr.Cancer 2010;62(6):719-727.
Myung, S. K., Ju, W., Kim, S. C., and Kim, H. Vitamin or antioxidant intake (or serum level) and risk of cervical neoplasm: a meta-analysis. BJOG. 2011;118(11):1285-1291.
Mathew, M. C., Ervin, A. M., Tao, J., and Davis, R. M. Antioxidant vitamin supplementation for preventing and slowing the progression of age-related cataract. Cochrane.Database.Syst.Rev. 2012;6:CD004567.
Myung, S. K., Ju, W., Cho, B., Oh, S. W., Park, S. M., Koo, B. K., and Park, B. J. Efficacy of vitamin and antioxidant supplements in prevention of cardiovascular disease: systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. BMJ 2013;346:f10.
Chew EY, Clemons TE, Agrón E, Sperduto RD, Sangiovanni JP, Kurinij N, Davis MD; Age-Related Eye Disease Study Research Group. Long-term effects of vitamins C and E, ß-carotene, and zinc on age-related macular degeneration: AREDS report no. 35. Ophthalmology. 2013 Aug;120(8):1604-11.e4.
Ali-Hassan-Sayegh S, Mirhosseini SJ, Rezaeisadrabadi M, et al. Antioxidant supplementations for prevention of atrial fibrillation after cardiac surgery: an updated comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis of 23 randomized controlled trials. Interact Cardiovasc Thorac Surg 2014;18(5):646-54.
Evans JR, Lawrenson JG. Antioxidant vitamin and mineral supplements for slowing the progression of age-related macular degeneration. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2017;7:CD000254.
Bolignano D, Cernaro V, Gembillo G, Baggetta R, Buemi M, D'Arrigo G. Antioxidant agents for delaying diabetic kidney disease progression: A systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One. 2017;12(6):e0178699.
Crowe FL, Roddam AW, Key TJ, et al. Fruit and vegetable intake and mortality from ischaemic heart disease: results from the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC)-Heart Study. European Heart Journal. 2011;32(10):1235-1243.
Ali- Hasan- Al- Saegh S, Mirhosseini SJ, Tahernejad M, et al. Impact of antioxidant supplementations on cardio-renal protection in cardiac surgery: an updated and comprehensive meta-analysis and systematic review. Cardiovasc Ther. 2016 Oct;34(5):360-70.
Chang YJ, Myung SK, Chung ST, et al. Effects of vitamin treatment or supplements with purported antioxidant properties on skin cancer prevention: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Dermatology. 2011;223(1):36-44.
Antioxidants: In Depth. National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health (NCCIH) Clearinghouse. November 2013. Available at: https://www.nccih.nih.gov/health/antioxidants-in-depth. Accessed June 30, 2020.
Evans JR, Lawrenson JG. Antioxidant vitamin and mineral supplements for preventing age-related macular degeneration. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2017;7(7):CD000253.
Geng J, Qian J, Si W, Cheng H, Ji F, Shen Z. The clinical benefits of perioperative antioxidant vitamin therapy in patients undergoing cardiac surgery: a meta-analysis. Interact Cardiovasc Thorac Surg. 2017;25(6):966-974.
Gooshe M, Abdolghaffari AH, Nikfar S, Mahdaviani P, Abdollahi M. Antioxidant therapy in acute, chronic and post-endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography pancreatitis: An updated systematic review and meta-analysis. World J Gastroenterol. 2015;21(30):9189-208.
Gu WJ, Wei CY, Yin RX. Antioxidant supplementation for the prevention of post-endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography pancreatitis: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Nutr J. 2013;12:23.
Jayedi A, Rashidy-Pour A, Parohan M, Zargar MS, Shab-Bidar S. Dietary Antioxidants, Circulating Antioxidant Concentrations, Total Antioxidant Capacity, and Risk of All-Cause Mortality: A Systematic Review and Dose-Response Meta-Analysis of Prospective Observational Studies. Adv Nutr. 2018;9(6):701-716.
Kandhare AD, Mukherjee A, Bodhankar SL. Antioxidant for treatment of diabetic nephropathy: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Chem Biol Interact. 2017 Dec 25;278:212-221.
Lirussi F, Azzalini L, Orando S, Orlando R, Angelico F. Antioxidant supplements for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and/or steatohepatitis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2007;2007(1):CD004996.
Magalhães PV, Dean O, Andreazza AC, Berk M, Kapczinski F. Antioxidant treatments for schizophrenia. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2016;2:CD008919.
Myung SK, Kim Y, Ju W, Choi HJ, Bae WK. Effects of antioxidant supplements on cancer prevention: meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Ann Oncol. 2010;21(1):166-79.
Ciofu O, Smith S, Lykkesfeldt J. Antioxidant Supplementation for Lung Disease in Cystic Fibrosis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2019;10(10):CD007020.
Orrell RW, Lane RJ, Ross M. Antioxidant treatment for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis / motor neuron disease. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2007;(1):CD002829.
Park SJ, Myung SK, Lee Y, Lee YJ. Effects of Vitamin and Antioxidant Supplements in Prevention of Bladder Cancer: a Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. J Korean Med Sci. 2017;32(4):628-635.
Rustagi T, Njei B. Antioxidant therapy for pain reduction in patients with chronic pancreatitis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Pancreas. 2015;44(5):812-8.
Tenório MB, Ferreira RC, Moura FA, Bueno NB, Goulart MOF, Oliveira ACM. Oral antioxidant therapy for prevention and treatment of preeclampsia: Meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis. 2018 Sep;28(9):865-876.
Wang J, Wang T, Ding W, et al. Efficacy of antioxidant therapy on sperm quality measurements after varicocelectomy: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Andrologia. 2019;51(10):e13396.
Ye Y, Li J, Yuan Z. Effect of antioxidant vitamin supplementation on cardiovascular outcomes: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. PLoS One. 2013;8(2):e56803.
Zhou D, Wang W, Cheng X, Wei J, Zheng S. Antioxidant therapy for patients with chronic pancreatitis: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Nutr. 2015;34(4):627-34.
Jenkins DJA, Kitts D, Giovannucci EL, et al. Selenium, antioxidants, cardiovascular disease, and all-cause mortality: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Am J Clin Nutr. 2020 Dec 10;112(6):1642-1652.
Liu Y, Yang Z, Du Y, Shi S, Cheng Y. Antioxidant interventions in autism spectrum disorders: A meta-analysis. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2022;113:110476.
Gudivada KK, Kumar A, Sriram K, et al. Antioxidant micronutrient supplements for adult critically ill patients: A bayesian multiple treatment comparisons meta-analysis. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2022;47:78-88.
Zheng SH, Chen XX, Chen Y, Wu ZC, Chen XQ, Li XL. Antioxidant vitamins supplementation reduce endometriosis related pelvic pain in humans: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2023;21(1):79.
Su L, Yang ZT, Qu H, et al. Effect of Antioxidants Supplementation on Erectile Dysfunction: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. Sex Med Rev 2022;10(4):754-763.
Alves PRMM, Fragoso MBT, Tenório MCS, Bueno NB, Goulart MOF, Oliveira ACM. The role played by oral antioxidant therapies in preventing and treating preeclampsia: An updated meta-analysis. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2023;33(7):1277-1292.
Supriyadi R, Koswara MIA, Soelaeman MA, Huang I. The effect of antioxidants supplementation on oxidative stress and proinflammatory biomarkers in patients with chronic kidney disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci 2023;27(4):1413-1426.
He J, Deng R, Wei Y, et al. Efficacy of antioxidant supplementation in improving endocrine, hormonal, inflammatory, and metabolic statuses of PCOS: a meta-analysis and systematic review. Food Funct 2024;15(4):1779-1802.
Raza A, Karimyan N, Watters A, Emperumal CP, Al-Eryani K, Enciso R. Efficacy of oral and topical antioxidants in the prevention and management of oral mucositis in head and neck cancer patients: a systematic review and meta-analyses. Support Care Cancer 2022;30(11):8689-8703.
Yang H, Chen JS, Luo XY, Wang H. Efficacy and safety profile of antioxidants in the treatment of atopic dermatitis: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Dermatol Ther 2022;35(7):e15549.
Arhin SK, Ocansey S, Barnes P, Botchey CPK, Taylor-Adbulai HB. Efficacy of combined antioxidant therapy in male subfertility-A systematic review and meta-analysis. Cell Mol Biol (Noisy-le-grand) 2022;67(4):239-247.
Wobeser WL, McBane JE, Balfour L, et al. A randomized control trial of high-dose micronutrient-antioxidant supplementation in healthy persons with untreated HIV infection. PLoS One 2022;17(7):e0270590.
Zhao J, Sui X, Shi Q, Su D, Lin Z. Effects of antioxidant intervention in patients with polycystic ovarian syndrome: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Medicine (Baltimore) 2022;101(32):e30006.
Wang R, Miao C, Chen Y, et al. Antioxidant supplements relieve insulin resistance but do not improve lipid metabolism in women with polycystic ovary syndrome: a meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials. Gynecol Endocrinol 2022;38(12):1047-1059.
Ioannidou PG, Papanikolaou DA, Bosdou JK, et al. Improvement in sperm quality by oral antioxidant supplementation in infertile men with varicocele who have not undergone surgical repair: Systematic review and meta-analysis. Andrologia 2022;54(10):e14533.
Wang J, Liao B, Wang C, Zhong O, Lei X, Yang Y. Effects of Antioxidant Supplementation on Metabolic Disorders in Obese Patients from Randomized Clinical Controls: A Meta-Analysis and Systematic Review. Oxid Med Cell Longev 2022;2022:7255413.
Wang H, Jin M, Xie M, et al. Protective role of antioxidant supplementation for depression and anxiety: A meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials. J Affect Disord 2023;323:264-279.
Zhou F, Xie X, Zhang H, Liu T. Effect of antioxidant intake patterns on risks of dementia and cognitive decline. Eur Geriatr Med 2023;14(1):9-17.
Shang Y, Song N, He R, Wu M. Antioxidants and Fertility in Women with Ovarian Aging: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Adv Nutr 2024;15(8):100273.
Boppana TK, Mittal S, Madan K, Tiwari P, Mohan A, Hadda V. Antioxidant therapies for obstructive sleep apnea: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Sleep Breath 2024;28(4):1513-1522.